My first book inauguration

The book titled "Principles of Questionnaire Development with empirical studies (for students and researchers in Social sciences)" (ISBN:9788190992312) was inaugurated by Professor Manjula Mukerjee, The Director of the Indian Institute of Psychometry, Kolkata, in the Workshop on SPSS -SYNTAX held at the Institute dated 29th October, 2010. During her speech, she appreciated the examples cited in this book to understand different principles of questionnaire development. Ms. Rama Manna (standing at the left side)was the co-ordinator of the workshop.

The researchers of different specialization (Clinical Psychology,Psychiatry,Education,Human development,Environmental science) of different universities and research institutes attended the workshop. I taught them different SPSS syntax. There is one chapter on SPSS Syntax in this book.



(Standing: Dr. Rudraprasad Acharya, Dr. Souvik Chakraborty, Dr. Shubhojit Kuila, Dr. Suvendu Dutta)

I am thankful to Prasad Psycho Corporation for their support to publish this book. Price is 300 rupees and 10 dollar. It is available here:

Prasad Psycho Corporation,
10A, Veer Savarkar Block
Shakarpur
New Delhi - 110092
Web: www.prasadpsycho.com
E-mail:info@prasadpsycho.com
Phone: 011-43203333

Please mail me your comment about this book:

Contents of the book are given below:
PREFACE............................................................................................................1
CHAPTER-I
CHARACTERSTICS OF QUESTIONNAIRE..................................................3
1.1 Measurement scale...........................................................................4
1.2 Objectivity........................................................................................7
1.3 Standardization.................................................................................7
1.4 Reliability.........................................................................................8
1.4.1 Test-retest reliability.................................................................8
1.4.2 Alternate-form reliability...................................................... .14
1.4.3 Spilt-half reliability............................................................... .14
1.4.4 Rational equivalence...............................................................15
1.4.5
1.5 Validity........................................................................................... .17
1.5.1 Content validity.......................................................................18
1.5.2 Construct validity....................................................................23
1.5.2.1 Factorial validity..............................................................23
1.5.2.2 Convergent validity..........................................................26
1.5.2.3 Divergent validity............................................................28
1.5.3 Criterion related validity.........................................................29
1.5.3.1 Predictive validity............................................................29
1.5.3.2 Concurrent validity..........................................................30
1.6 Norms..............................................................................................31
1.6.1 Z-scores and unit of Normal curve.........................................32
1.6.2 T-scores...................................................................................33
1.6.3 Sten Score...............................................................................34
1.6.4 Stanine score...........................................................................37
1.6.5 Percentiles and Percentile rank...............................................38
1.6.6 Age Norms..............................................................................40
1.6.7 Grade Norms…………………...............…………………....40
CHAPTER-II
EXPLORING THE VARIABLES......................................................................41
2.1 Techniques for exploring façade area...............................................42
2.1.1 Observation..............................................................................42
2.1.1.1 Naturalistic Observation...................................................43
2.1.1.2 Structured Observation.....................................................43
2.1.1.3 Participant Observation....................................................48
2.1.2 Interview..................................................................................50
2.1.2.1 Informal Interview............................................................50
2.1.2.2 Unstructured interviewing................................................50
2.1.2.3 Semi-structured interview.................................................51
2.1.2.4 Structured Interview..........................................................52
2.1.3 Focus group..............................................................................52
2.1.4 Participatory rural appraisal.....................................................55
2.2 Techniques for exploring dark area...................................................55
2.2.1 Free association........................................................................55
2.2.2 Word association......................................................................56
2.2.3 Projective Techniques..............................................................59
2.2.4 Picture drawing........................................................................60
2.2.5 Semi-projective test..................................................................62
2.2.6 Analysis of autobiography........................................................64
2.2.7 Analogy development...............................................................65
2.2.8 Analysis of construct................................................................65
2.2.9 Virtual discussion board...........................................................65
2.2.10. Online Video.........................................................................67
2.2.11. Webblog................................................................................67
2.2.12. Web content analysis............................................................68
CHAPTER-III
ITEM POOL.......................................................................................................72
3.1 Source of item pool..........................................................................72
3.1.1 Observation.............................................................................72
3.1.2 Interview..................................................................................74
3.1.3 Focus group.............................................................................75
3.1.4 Analysis of construct...............................................................77
3.1.5 Multiple Techniques...............................................................78
3.2 Classifications of items....................................................................78
3.2.1 Judgment of experts...............................................................78
3.2.2 Statistical approach................................................................79
3.2.3 Mutiple approach...................................................................81
CHAPTER-IV
WRITING ITEMS.............................................................................................82
4.1 Operational definition......................................................................82
4.2 Central theme...................................................................................82
4.3 Dimension representation................................................................83
4.4 Affirmative.......................................................................................83
4.5 Generalization..................................................................................83
4.6 Periods.............................................................................................83
4.7 Item familiarity................................................................................83
4.8 Structuring items..............................................................................83
4.8.1 No.of questions......................................................................83
4.8.2 Sentence structure..................................................................84
4.8.3 Image use...............................................................................84
4.8.4 Linkage items........................................................................84
CHAPTER-V
SCALING ITEMS.............................................................................................85
5.1 Nominal scale..................................................................................85
5.2 Rank order scaling...........................................................................86
5.3 Interval scale....................................................................................89
5.4 Ratio scale........................................................................................94
CHAPTER-VI
TRANSFORMATION OF RESPONSE SCALES............................................96
6.1 Ordinal to metric.............................................................................96
6.2 Metric to ordinal..............................................................................97
6.3 Nominal to metric............................................................................97
CHAPTER-VII
MODES OF ADMINISTRATION..................................................................102
7.1 Manual mode.................................................................................102
7.1.1 Interviewer-administration..................................................102
7.1.2 Self-administered.................................................................103
7.2 Computer assisted mode................................................................103
7.2.1 Computer assisted psychological testing.............................105
CHAPTER-VIII
SOCIAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS............................................123
8.1 Openness.......................................................................................123
8.2 Human rights.................................................................................123
8.3 Data security..................................................................................123
8.4 Data interpretation.........................................................................124
-IX
SPSS SYANTAX.............................................................................................125
9.1 General guidelines.........................................................................125
9.1.1. Command to get input file from specifile folder and
comment syntax..................................................................
9.1.2. Command to filter variable..................................................126
9.1.2.1 Creating new variable....................................................126
9.1.3. Relational operator...............................................................127
9.1.4. Data checking.......................................................................127
9.1.5. Know your variables used data editor .................................128
9.1.6. Checking for duplicate values..............................................128
9.1.7. Select case............................................................................128
9.1.8. Run command......................................................................129
9.1.9. Recode command.................................................................129
9.1.9.1. Recode same variable...................................................129
9.1.9.2 Recode different variable...............................................129
9.1.10. Successive data analysis.....................................................130
9.2. Synatax of specific statistical Tools.............................................130
9.2.1. Frequency distribution and descriptive
9.2.2. Command for ch-square.......................................................130
9.2.3. T-tests cintependent ..............................................131
9.2.4. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)...........................................131
CHAPTER
..125
statistics.................130
samples.
9.2.5. Correlations..........................................................................132
9.5.6. Principal component analysis...............................................133
9.5.7. Multiple regression....................................................................137
9.2.8. Reliability..................................................................................139
9.2.9. Cluster analysis..........................................................................140
REFERENCES................................................................................................141